Nigel Bundred runs trials in DCIS and preoperative/neoadjuvant therapy and adjuvant therapy in invasive disease. He collaborates closely with the Clarke Lab in running models to predict responsiveness of DCIS and normal human breast tissue in immune deprived mice and culture models notably mammosphere culture to develop inhibitors of potential stem cell signalling pathways.

Professor in Surgical Oncology (MB BS, MD, FRCS)

Department of Academic Surgery
Education and Research Centre
University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
Wythenshawe
M23 9LT

Tel: +44 (0)161 291 5859
Email: nigel.bundred@manchester.ac.uk

Websites:

University Hospital of South Manchester

National Cancer Research Network

I am a Professor of Surgical Oncology and Consultant Surgeon at the University Hospital of South Manchester and The Christie. I received my medical degree from Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom, and have studied in Edinburgh, Leicester, Cardiff and Birmingham, United Kingdom.

My research interests are in preinvasive cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ), breast cancer chemoprevention and bone metastases and I was awarded a Hunterian Professorship in 1995 for my work on parathyroid hormone related peptide and its role in bone metastases by the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

I have a large clinical commitment in the Manchester Breast Centre, the largest breast unit in the United Kingdom and also am a member of numerous medical societies and have been the recipient of numerous honours and awards, including the Patey Prize from the Surgical Research Society and the Ronald Raven Prize from the British Association of Surgical Oncology. In 2007 I was appointed as Clinical Lead for Research for the Greater Manchester and Cheshire Cancer Research Network.

I have authored/co-authored more than 160 peer-reviewed articles and my work has appeared in many journals, including the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, The Lancet, Cancer Research and Cancer.

I perform immediate breast reconstruction in Manchester and operate on patients referred from other centres for reconstruction. I use the same techniques in rescue mastectomies and palliative surgery of advanced localised cancers of the breast and other sites.

I provide surgical management of parathyroid disease (primary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism) and thyroid cancer for The Christie hospital. In particular I am experienced in re-exploring the neck for missed parathyroid glands and re-operative surgery for thyroid cancer.

Comparison of local recurrence after simple and SSM performed in patients with DCIS.

Bundred, N.

Annals of Surgical Oncology. 2016.

Tissue Factor promotes breast cancer stem cell activity in vitro

Shaker, H., Harrison, H., Clarke, R., Landberg, G., Bundred, N., Versteeg, H. & Kirwan, C.

Oncotarget. 2016.

Prediction of margin involvement and local recurrence after skin-sparing and simple mastectomy

Al-Himdani, S., Timbrell, S., Tan, K., Morris, J. & Bundred, N. J.

European Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2016.  42, 7, p. 935–941

Anastrozole versus tamoxifen for the prevention of locoregional and contralateral breast cancer in postmenopausal women with locally excised ductal carcinoma in situ (IBIS-II DCIS): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial

Forbes, J.F., Sestak, I., Howell, A., Bonanni, B., Bundred, N., Levy, C., von Minckwitz, G., Eiermann, W., Neven, P., Stierer, M., Holcombe, C., Coleman, R. E., Jones, L., Ellis, I., Cuzick, J., IBIS-II investigators.

The Lancet. 2016. 27;387(10021):866-73

Comparison of multi-frequency bioimpedance with perometry for the early detection and intervention of lymphoedema after axillary node clearance for breast cancer.

Bundred NJ, Stockton C, Keeley V, Riches K, Ashcroft L, Evans A, Skene A, Purushotham A, Bramley M, Hodgkiss T; Investigators of BEA/PLACE studies.

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015 May;151(1):121-9. doi: 10.1007/s10549-015-3357-8.

Radiotherapy or surgery of the axilla after a positive sentinel node in breast cancer (EORTC 10981-22023 AMAROS): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 non-inferiority trial.

Donker M, et al.

Lancet Oncol. 2014 Nov;15(12):1303-10. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70460-7.

Antiproliferative Effect of Lapatinib in HER2-Positive and HER2-Negative/HER3-High Breast Cancer: Results of the Presurgical Randomized MAPLE Trial (CRUK E/06/039).

Leary A, Evans A, Johnston SR, A'Hern R, Bliss JM, Sahoo R, Detre S, Haynes BP, Hills M, Harper-Wynne C, Bundred N, Coombes G, Smith I, Dowsett M.

Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Jul 1;21(13):2932-40. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-1428.

Is axillary lymph node clearance required in node-positive breast cancer?

Bundred NJ, Barnes NL, Rutgers E, Donker M.

Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2015 Jan;12(1):55-61. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2014.188.

Focal adhesion kinase and Wnt signaling regulate human ductal carcinoma in situ stem cell activity and response to radiotherapy.

Williams KE, Bundred NJ, Landberg G, Clarke RB, Farnie G.

Stem Cells. 2015 Feb;33(2):327-41. doi: 10.1002/stem.1843.

Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast: Can the evidence guide practice?

Pieri A, Harvey J, Bundred N.

World J Clin Oncol. 2014 Aug 10;5(3):546-53. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.546.

Carcinoma in situ.

Bundred N, Dixon JM.

BMJ. 2013 Dec 23;347:f3289. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f3289.

Anastrozole for prevention of breast cancer in high-risk postmenopausal women (IBIS-II): an international, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Cuzick J, Sestak I, Forbes JF, Dowsett M, Knox J, Cawthorn S, Saunders C, Roche N, Mansel RE, von Minckwitz G, Bonanni B, Palva T, Howell A; IBIS-II investigators.

Lancet. 2014 Mar 22;383(9922):1041-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62292-8.

Critical research gaps and translational priorities for the successful prevention and treatment of breast cancer.

Eccles SA et al.

Breast Cancer Res. 2013 Oct 1;15(5):R92. doi: 10.1186/bcr3493.

Lapatinib inhibits stem/progenitor proliferation in preclinical in vitro models of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Farnie G, Johnson RL, Williams KE, Clarke RB, Bundred NJ.

Cell Cycle. 2014;13(3):418-25. doi: 10.4161/cc.27201.

Targeting IL-8 signalling to inhibit breast cancer stem cell activity.

Singh JK, Simões BM, Clarke RB, Bundred NJ.

Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2013 Nov;17(11):1235-41. doi: 10.1517/14728222.2013.835398.

Combined inhibition of ErbB1/2 and Notch receptors effectively targets breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) stem/progenitor cell activity regardless of ErbB2 status.

Farnie G, Willan PM, Clarke RB, Bundred NJ.

PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56840. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056840.

Evaluation of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the PARP inhibitor olaparib: a phase I multicentre trial in patients scheduled for elective breast cancer surgery.

Bundred N, Gardovskis J, Jaskiewicz J, Eglitis J, Paramonov V, McCormack P, Swaisland H, Cavallin M, Parry T, Carmichael J, Dixon JM.

Invest New Drugs. 2013 Aug;31(4):949-58. doi: 10.1007/s10637-012-9922-7.

Targeting CXCR1/2 significantly reduces breast cancer stem cell activity and increases the efficacy of inhibiting HER2 via HER2-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

Singh JK, Farnie G, Bundred NJ, Simões BM, Shergill A, Landberg G, Howell SJ, Clarke RB.

Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Feb 1;19(3):643-56. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1063.

Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.

Barnes NL, Ooi JL, Yarnold JR, Bundred NJ.

BMJ. 2012 Feb 29;344:e797. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e797.

Antiresorptive therapies in oncology and their effects on cancer progression.

Bundred N.

Cancer Treat Rev. 2012 Oct;38(6):776-86. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.02.002.

Tibolone increases bone mineral density but also relapse in breast cancer survivors: LIBERATE trial bone substudy.

Bundred NJ, Kenemans P, Yip CH, Beckmann MW, Foidart JM, Sismondi P, Schoultz Bv, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Galta RE, Lieshout EV, Mol-Arts M, Planellas J, Kubista E.

Breast Cancer Res. 2012 Jan 17;14(1):R13.

Breast-cancer adjuvant therapy with zoledronic acid.

Coleman RE, Marshall H, Cameron D, Dodwell D, Burkinshaw R, Keane M, Gil M, Houston SJ, Grieve RJ, Barrett-Lee PJ, Ritchie D, Pugh J, Gaunt C, Rea U, Peterson J, Davies C, Hiley V, Gregory W, Bell R; AZURE Investigators.

N Engl J Med. 2011 Oct 13;365(15):1396-405. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1105195.

Are symptomatic guidelines for chemotherapy appropriate to ER-positive screen-detected breast cancer (SDBC)?

Bundred NJ, Prasad R, Morris J, Knox WF, Byrne G, Cheung S, Wilson M, Lawrence G.

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013 Apr;138(2):359-68. doi: 10.1007/s10549-011-1652-6.

Effect of tamoxifen and radiotherapy in women with locally excised ductal carcinoma in situ: long-term results from the UK/ANZ DCIS trial.

Cuzick J, Sestak I, Pinder SE, Ellis IO, Forsyth S, Bundred NJ, Forbes JF, Bishop H, Fentiman IS, George WD.

Lancet Oncol. 2011 Jan;12(1):21-9. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70266-7.

Our current research programme is concentrated on two main areas: breast cancer, and Parathyroid Hormone related protein/hypercalcaemia of malignancy. Currently we are a team of 2 research registrars, 2 postdoctoral assistants and 2 technicians working on various current laboratory research areas. In addition 3 ½ research nurses and 1 graduate research worker are working on various clinical trials on studies for which he has obtained funding. In total nine MD theses and 1 PhD have been awarded under Nigel's supervision to date.

Active research areas encompass breast cancer prevention, mechanisms of bone metastasis, angiogenesis, stem cell (non-adherent) culture of DCIS and invasive breast cancer.

Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS)

DCIS constitutes 30% of all screen detected breast cancer. Professor Bundred has developed an athymic nude mouse model in which human DCIS is implanted as xenografts and survives up to two months, in collaboration with Professor Chris Potten, who was previously at the Paterson Institute for Cancer Research

In xenografts removed sequentially at 14, 28 and 56 days proliferation and steroid receptor expression were measured. Oestrogen Receptor Negative Comedo DCIS was not stimulated by oestrogen nor inhibited by the pure antioestrogens (ICI 182780). In contrast, papillary or cribriform (steroid receptor positive) DCIS was stimulated to proliferate by oestrogen implants (paper published in J Natl Cancer Inst). His group since followed up these studies by examining whether monoclonal antibodies to the CerbB2 oncogene or Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition prevent DCIS growth. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition with Iressa prevented epithelial proliferation and induced apoptosis both in normal breast and DCIS xenografts implanted into nude mice whereas monoclonal antibody to CerbB2 oncoprotein had no such effects. In addition, Iressa inhibited downstream signalling pathways including MAPkinase and phosphorylation of the EGFR. Other studies using breast cancer cell lines expressing EGFR and CerbB2 have demonstrated that blocking the EGFR also inhibits phosphorylation of the CerbB2 oncoprotein and downstream signalling.

RAS Farnesyl Transferase Inhibition research has won national and international recognition with the award of the Patey Prize to Mr Kai Chan, Research Registrar at the Surgical Research Society in December 1999 and with publication in prestigious American Journals (J National Cancer Institute and Cancer Research). A follow-up paper on the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor work has been published in Cancer Research. The major thrust of the research is currently in the area of pre-invasive malignancy in breast cancer and the factors that promote conversion of DCIS to an invasive malignancy.

More recently professor Bundred has identified stem cells from DCIS lesions and demonstrated growth inhibition of non-adherent stem like cells by NOTCH and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition.

He has pioneered the developed of IAP kinase development of preoperative studies in ductal carcinoma in situ and a recent study has shown that an aromatase inhibitor (Exemestane) significantly inhibits proliferation in oestrogen receptor positive DCIS. His group has currently received Ethical Approval and have initiated the trial of a HER1/2 small molecule inhibitor, Lapatinib, in DCIS preoperatively. This trial will investigate the mechanism of action of Lapatinib and look for potential markers of response.

Treatment of HER2 Positive Breast Cancer

Professor Bundred has demonstrated that HER2 positive treatment reduces stem cell population in breast cancer cell lines and in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). He has initiated a clinical trial EPHOS-B which will study the role of Lapatinib and Herceptin on proliferation and apoptosis at 11 days in HER2 positive breast cancers compared to control (untreated) cancers. The aim of this study is to determine whether either agent inhibits proliferation or increases apoptosis and what biomarkers can be identified for treatment response. Additionally, he has ongoing research looking at the role of IL-8 and the IL-8 receptor (CXCR1/2) in HER2 positive cancer stem cell renewal and we are investigating whether inhibitors of the CXCR1/2 receptor prevent HER2 positive breast cancer growth, both alone and in combination with anti-HER2 therapy.

Cancer Associated Fibroblasts

Together with Professor Landberg, he is investigating whether we can switch off the activation of fibroblasts seen in breast cancer using a number of novel agents. Importantly, we are asking whether inhibiting the fibroblast may have effects on cancer stem cell renewal and breast cancer growth.

Kenemans P, Bundred NJ, Foidart JM, Kubista E, von Schoultz B, Sismondi P, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Yip CH, Egberts J, Mol-Arts M, Mulder R, van Os S, Beckmann MW; LIBERATE Study Group. Safety and efficacy of tibolone in breast-cancer patients with vasomotor symptoms: a double-blind, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncology. 2009 10(2):135-46

Bundred NJ. Aromatase inhibitors and bone health. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2009; 21(1):60-7.

Foster FM, Owens TW, Tanianis-Hughes J, Clarke RB, Brennan K, Bundred NJ, Streuli CH. Targeting inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in combination with ErbB antagonists in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2009;11(3):R41.

Dixon JM, Bundred NJ. Management of Disorders of the Ductal System and Infections. Diseases of the Breast. 4th Edition (2009). Editors Harris J, Lippman ME, Morrow M and Osborne CK. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, USA.

Barnes NL, Bundred NJ. Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ. Breast Surgery: A Companion to Specialist Surgical Practice. Fourth Edition. (2009). Editor JM Dixon. Published by Elsevier Saunders. London, UK.

Bundred NJ, Campbell ID, Davidson N, DeBoer RH, Eidtmann H, Monnier A, Neven P, von Minckwitz G, Miller JC, Schenk NL, Coleman RE. Effective inhibition of aromatase inhibitor-associated bone loss by zoledronic acid in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer receiving adjuvant letrozole: ZO-FAST Study results. Cancer. 2008 1;112:1001-10.

Bundred NJ. Optimising bone health in survivors of breast cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2007. 8(2):89-91.

Bundred NJ. Women’s Health: Breast Pain. Clinical Evidence Handbook. (2007). BMJ Books. Published by Blackwell Publishing.

Lavelle K, Moran A, Howell A, Bundred N, Campbell M, Todd C (2007) Older women with operable breast cancer are less likely to have surgery. Br J Surg (in press).

Farnie G, Clarke RB, Spence K, Pinnock N, Brennan K, Anderson NG, Bundred NJ (2007) Novel cell culture technique for primary ductal carcinoma in situ: role of Notch and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathways. J Natl Cancer Inst. 99:616-27.

Lavelle K, Todd C, Moran A, Howell A, Bundred N, Campbell M (2007) Non-standard management of breast cancer increases with age in the UK: a population based cohort of women > or =65 years. Br J Cancer. 96:1197-203

Patiar S, Kirwan CC, McDowell G, Bundred NJ, McCollum CN, Byrne GJ (2007) Prevention of venous thromboembolism in surgical patients with breast cancer. Br J Surg. 94:412-20

Howell A, Clarke RB, Evans G, Bundred N, Cuzick J, Santen R, Allred C (2007) Estrogen deprivation for breast cancer prevention. Recent Results Cancer Res. 174:151-67

Barnes NL, Warnberg F, Farnie G, White D, Jiang W, Anderson E, Bundred NJ (2007) Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition: effects on tumour growth, cell cycling and lymphangiogenesis in a xenograft model of breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 96:575-82.

Wilson GR, Cramer A, Welman A, Knox F, Swindell R, Kawakatsu H, Clarke RB, Dive C, Bundred NJ (2006) Activated c-SRC in ductal carcinoma in situ correlates with high tumour grade, high proliferation and HER2 positivity. Br J Cancer. 95:1410-4.

Kirwan CC, McCollum CN, Bundred NJ, Byrne GJ (2006) Current UK practice of thromboprophylaxis for breast surgery. Br J Surg. 93:1224-5

Maurice A, Evans DG, Shenton A, Ashcroft L, Baildam A, Barr L, Byrne G, Bundred N, Boggis C, Wilson M, Duffy SW, Howell A (2006) Screening younger women with a family history of breast cancer--does early detection improve outcome? Eur J Cancer. 42:1385-90.

Mansel RE, Fallowfield L, Kissin M, Goyal A, Newcombe RG, Dixon JM, Yiangou C, Horgan K, Bundred N, Monypenny I, England D, Sibbering M, Abdullah TI, Barr L, Chetty U, Sinnett DH, Fleissig A, Clarke D, Ell PJ (2006) Randomized multicenter trial of sentinel node biopsy versus standard axillary treatment in operable breast cancer: the ALMANAC Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 98:599-609.

Warnberg F, White D, Anderson E, Knox F, Clarke RB, Morris J, Bundred NJ (2006) Effect of a farnesyl transferase inhibitor (R115777) on ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in a human xenograft model and on breast and ovarian cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Breast Cancer Res. 8:R21

Barnes N, Haywood P, Flint P, Knox WF, Bundred NJ (2006) Survivin expression in in situ and invasive breast cancer relates to COX-2 expression and DCIS recurrence. Br J Cancer. 94:253-8.

Dixon JM, Bundred N (2006) Aromatase inhibitors for early breast cancer therapy: a choice of effective treatment strategies. Eur J Surg Oncol. 32:123-5

McDowell G, Temple I, Li C, Kirwan CC, Bundred NJ, McCollum CN, Burton IE, Kumar S, Byrne GJ (2005) Alteration in platelet function in patients with early breast cancer. Anticancer Res. 25:3963-6.

Bundred NJ (2005) The effects of aromatase inhibitors on lipids and thrombosis. Br J Cancer. 2005 93:S23-7.

Bundred NJ, Barnes NL (2005) Potential use of COX-2-aromatase inhibitor combinations in breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 93:S10-5

Bundred N (2005) Preclinical and clinical experience with fulvestrant (Faslodex) in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. Cancer Invest. 23:173-81.

Barnes NL, Khavari S, Boland GP, Cramer A, Knox WF, Bundred NJ (2005) Absence of HER4 expression predicts recurrence of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Clin Cancer Res. 11:2163-8.

Barnes NL, Boland GP, Davenport A, Knox WF, Bundred NJ (2005) Relationship between hormone receptor status and tumour size, grade and comedo necrosis in ductal carcinoma in situ. Br J Surg. 92:429-34.

Kroiss R, Fentiman IS, Helmond FA, Rymer J, Foidart JM, Bundred N, Mol-Arts M, Kubista E (2005) The effect of tibolone in postmenopausal women receiving tamoxifen after surgery for breast cancer: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BJOG. 112:228-33.
Clarke RB, Bundred NJ (2005) Do early premalignant changes in normal breast epithelial cells predict cancer development? Breast Cancer Res. 7:18-20

Boland GP, Butt IS, Prasad R, Knox WF, Bundred NJ (2004) COX-2 expression is associated with an aggressive phenotype in ductal carcinoma in situ. Br J Cancer. 90:423-9.

Ahmad T, Farnie G, Bundred NJ, Anderson NG (2004) The mitogenic action of insulin-like growth factor I in normal human mammary epithelial cells requires the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. J Biol Chem. 279:1713-9

Down S, Barr L, Baildam AD, Bundred N (2003) Management of accessory breast tissue in the axilla. Br J Surg. 90:1213-4.

Prasad R, Boland GP, Cramer A, Anderson E, Knox WF, Bundred NJ (2003) Short-term biologic response to withdrawal of hormone replacement therapy in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Cancer. 98:2539-46.

Bundred NJ, Morris J (2003) Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy: the Million Women Study. Lancet. 36:1329

Boland GP, McKeown A, Chan KC, Prasad R, Knox WF, Bundred NJ (2003) Biological response to hormonal manipulation in oestrogen receptor positive ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Br J Cancer. 89:277-83

Boland GP, Chan KC, Knox WF, Roberts SA, Bundred NJ (2003) Value of the Van Nuys Prognostic Index in prediction of recurrence of ductal carcinoma in situ after breast-conserving surgery. Br J Surg. 90:426-32

Freeman SR, Washington SJ, Pritchard T, Barr L, Baildam AD, Bundred NJ (2003) Long term results of a randomised prospective study of preservation of the intercostobrachial nerve. Eur J Surg Oncol. 29:213-5.

Hoey RP, Sanderson C, Iddon J, Brady G, Bundred NJ, Anderson NG (2003) The parathyroid hormone-related protein receptor is expressed in breast cancer bone metastases and promotes autocrine proliferation in breast carcinoma cells. Br J Cancer. 88:567-73.

Boland GP, Knox WF, Bundred NJ (2002) Molecular markers and therapeutic targets in ductal carcinoma in situ. Microsc Res Tech. 59:3-11

Warnberg F, Bundred N (2002) Will early detection of non-axillary sentinel nodes affect treatment decisions? Br J Cancer. 87:691-3

Bundred NJ, Anderson E, Nicholson RI, Dowsett M, Dixon M, Robertson JF (2002) Fulvestrant, an estrogen receptor downregulator, reduces cell turnover index more effectively than tamoxifen. Anticancer Res. 22:2317-9.

Bundred N, Howell A (2002) Fulvestrant (Faslodex): current status in the therapy of breast cancer.
Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2:151-60.

Gilmore AP, Valentijn AJ, Wang P, Ranger AM, Bundred N, O'Hare MJ, Wakeling A, Korsmeyer SJ, Streuli CH (2002) Activation of BAD by therapeutic inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor and transactivation by insulin-like growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem. 277:27643-50.

Dey P, Bundred N, Gibbs A, Hopwood P, Baildam A, Boggis C, James M, Knox F, Leidecker V, Woodman C (2002) Costs and benefits of a one stop clinic compared with a dedicated breast clinic: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 324:507.

Chan KC, Knox WF, Gee JM, Morris J, Nicholson RI, Potten CS, Bundred NJ (2002) Effect of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition on epithelial proliferation in normal and premalignant breast. Cancer Res. 62:122-8.

Anderson NG, Ahmad T, Chan K, Dobson R, Bundred NJ (2001) ZD1839 (Iressa), a novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, potently inhibits the growth of EGFR-positive cancer cell lines with or without erbB2 overexpression. Int J Cancer. 94:774-82.

Hadjiloucas I, Gilmore AP, Bundred NJ, Streuli CH. Assessment of apoptosis in human breast tissue using an antibody against the active form of caspase 3: relation to tumour histopathological characteristics. Br J Cancer. 2001 85:1522-6.

Bundred NJ, Chan K, Anderson NG (2001) Studies of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition in breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 8:183-9.

Robertson JF, Nicholson RI, Bundred NJ, Anderson E, Rayter Z, Dowsett M, Fox JN, Gee JM, Webster A, Wakeling AE, Morris C, Dixon M (2001) Comparison of the short-term biological effects of 7alpha-[9-(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentylsulfinyl)-nonyl]estra-1,3,5, (10)-triene-3,17beta-diol (Faslodex) versus tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. Cancer Res. 61:6739-46.

Dowsett M, Bundred NJ, Decensi A, Sainsbury RC, Lu Y, Hills MJ, Cohen FJ, Veronesi P, O'Brien ME, Scott T, Muchmore DB (2001) Effect of raloxifene on breast cancer cell Ki67 and apoptosis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial in postmenopausal patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 10:961-6.

Bundred NJ (2001) Prognostic and predictive factors in breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 27:137-42.

Chan KC, Knox WF, Gandhi A, Slamon DJ, Potten CS, Bundred NJ (2001) Blockade of growth factor receptors in ductal carcinoma in situ inhibits epithelial proliferation. Br J Surg. 88:412-8.

Chan KC, Knox WF, Sinha G, Gandhi A, Barr L, Baildam AD, Bundred NJ (2001) Extent of excision margin width required in breast conserving surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ. Cancer. 91:9-16.

Ghellal A, Li C, Hayes M, Byrne G, Bundred N, Kumar S (2000) Prognostic significance of TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 3 in human breast carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 20:4413-8.

Byrne GJ, Bundred NJ (2000) Surrogate markers of tumoral angiogenesis. Int J Biol Markers. 15:334-9.

Li C, Guo B, Wilson PB, Stewart A, Byrne G, Bundred N, Kumar S (2000) Plasma levels of soluble CD105 correlate with metastasis in patients with breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 89:122-6.

Gandhi A, Holland PA, Knox WF, Potten CS, Bundred NJ (2000) Effects of a pure antiestrogen on apoptosis and proliferation within human breast ductal carcinoma in situ. Cancer Res. 60:4284-8.

Byrne GJ, Ghellal A, Iddon J, Blann AD, Venizelos V, Kumar S, Howell A, Bundred NJ (2000) Serum soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1: role as a surrogate marker of angiogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 92:1329-36.

Mantell DJ, Owens PE, Bundred NJ, Mawer EB, Canfield AE (2000) 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Circ Res. 2000 87:214-20.